Данные о работе CREB-белков у пчел приведены в статье: D. Eisenhardt, A. Friedrich, N. Stollhoff, U. Muller, Н. Kress & R. Menzel, The AmCREB gene is an ortholog of the mammalian CREB/CREM family of transcription factors and encodes several splice variants in the honeybee brain, Insect Molecular Biol. 12 (2003): 373–382.
Данные о роли CREB-белков в приобретенном страхе у мышей приведены в статьях: Р. W. Frankland, S. A. Josselyn, S. G. Anag-n о star as et AL., Consolidation of CS and US representations in associative fear conditioning, Hippocampus 14 (2004): 557–569 и S. Kida, S. A. Josselyn, S. P. de Ortiz et al., CREB required for the stability of new and reactivated fear memories, Nature Neurosci.
Данные о роли CREB-белков в обучении у человека приведены в статьях: B. М. Alarcon, G. Malleret, К. Touzani, S. Vronskaya, S. Ishii, E. R. Kandel & A. Barco, Chromatin acetylation, memory, and LTP are impaired in СВР+/ — mice: A model for the cognitive deficit in Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome and its amelioration, Neuron 42 (2004): 947–959.
Другие сведения, приведенные в этой главе, почерпнуты из следующих источников:
Bailey, С. Н., P. Montarolo, М. Chen, E. R. Kandel & S. Schacher. Inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis block structural changes that accompany long-term heterosynaptic plasticity in Aplysia. Neuron 9 (1992): 749–758.
Bartsch, D., A. Casadio, К. A. Karl, P. Serodio & E. R. Kandel. CREB-i encodes a nuclear activator, a repressor, and a cytoplasmic modulator that form a regulatory unit critical for long-term facilitation. Cell 95 (1998): 211–223.
Bartsch, D., M. Ghirardi, A. Casadio, M. Giustetto, K. A. Karl, H. Zhu & E. R. Kandel. Enhancement of memory-related long-term facilitation by ApAF, a novel transcription factor that acts downstream from both CREB-i and CREB-2. Cell 103 (2000): 595–608.
Casadio, А., К. C. Martin, M. Giustetto, H. Zhu, M. Chen, D. Bartsch, C. H. Bailey & E. R. Kandel. A transient neuron-wide form ofCREB-mediated long-term facilitation can be stabilized at specific synapses by local protein synthesis. Cell 99 (1999)= 221–237.
Chain, D. G., A. Casadio, S. Schacher. A. N. Hegde. M. Valbrun, N. Yamamoto, A. L. Goldberg, D. Bartsch, E. R. Kandel & J. H. Schwartz. Mechanisms for generating the autonomous cAMP-dependent protein kinase required for long-term facilitation in Aplysia. Neuron 22 (1999): 147–156.
Dale, N. 81 E. R. Kandel. L-glutamate may be the fast excitatory transmitter of Aplysia sensory neurons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 (1993): 7163–7167.
Glanzman, D. L, E. R. Kandel & S. Schacher. Target-dependent structural changes accompanying long-term synaptic facilitation in Aplysia neurons. Science 249 (1990): 799–802.
Kaang, B. K., E. R. Kandel & S. G. N. Grant. Activation of cAMP-responsive genes by stimuli that produce long-term facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons. Neuron 10 (1993): 427–435.
Lorenz, K. Z. The Foundations of Ethology. New York: Springer Verlag, 1981.
Martin, K. C., D. Michael, J. C. Rose, M. Barad, A. Casadio, H. Zhu & E. R. Kandel. MAP kinase translocates into the nucleus of the presynaptic cell and is required for long-term facilitation in Aplysia. Neuron 18 (1997): 899–912.
Martin, К. C., A. Casadio, H. Zhu, E. Yaping, J. Rose, C. H. Bailey, M. Chen & E. R. Kandel. Synapse-specific transcription-dependent long-term facilitation of the sensory to motor neuron connection in Aplysia: A function for local protein synthesis in memory storage. Cell 91 (1997): 927–938.
Mayford, М., A. Barzilai, F. Keller, S. Schacher & E. R. Kandel. Modulation of an NCAM-related adhesion molecule with long-term synaptic plasticity in Aplysia. Science 256 (1992): 638–644.
Montarolo, P. G., P. Goelet, V. F. Castellucci, J. Morgan, E. R. Kandel & S. Schacher. A critical period for macromolecular synthesis in long-term heterosynaptic facilitation in Aplysia. Science 234 (1986): 1249–1254.
Montminy, M. R., K. A. Sevarino, J. A. Wagner, G. Mandel 8» R. H. Goodman. Identification of a cyclic-AMP-responsive element within the rat somatostatin gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, no. 18 (1986): 6682–6686.
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Schacher, S., V. F. Castellucci & E. R. Kandel. cAMP evokes longterm facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons that requires new protein synthesis. Science 240 (1988): 1667–1669.
Si, К., M. Giustetto, A. Etkin, R. Hsu, A. M. Janisiewicz, М. C. Miniасi, J. H. Kim, H. Zhu &. E. R. Kandel. Aneuronaliso-form ofCPEB regulates local protein synthesis and stabilizes synapse-specific long-term facilitation in Aplysia. Cell 115 (2003): 893–904.
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20. Возвращение к сложной памяти
Вирджиния Вулф писала о своих воспоминаниях о матери в “Очерках о прошлом” (W. Woolf, Sketches of the Past), перепечатанных в книге: J. Schulkind, ed., Moments of Being (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1985), стр. 98, и цитируемых в книге: S. Nalbation, Memory in Literature: Rousseau to Neuroscience (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003).
Кристоф Кох цитирует пьесу Теннесси Уильямса "Молочный фургон здесь больше не останавливается” на стр. 187 книги: С. Коен, The Quest for Consciousness: A Neurobiological Approach (Englewood, Col.: Roberts, 2004).
Клетки места были впервые описаны в статье: J. O’Keefe & J. D Ostrovsky. The hippocampus as a spatial тар. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat. Brain Res. 34, no. 1 (1971): 171–175.
Прекрасный обзор долговременной потенциации можно найти в книге: Т. Bliss, G. Collingridge & R. Morris, eds., LTP: Long-Term Potentiation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003). В этом сборнике опубликовано немало полезных статей, в частности следующие: P. Andersen, A prelude to long-term potentiation; R. Malinow, AMPA receptor trafficking and long-term potentiation; R. G. M. Morris, Longterm potentiation and memory; R. A. Nicoll, Expression mechanisms underlying long-term potentiation: a postsynaptic view.
Другие сведения, приведенные в этой главе, почерпнуты из следующих источников:
Baudry, М., R. Siman, Е. К. Smith & G. Lynch. Regulation by calcium ions of glutamate receptor binding in hippocampal slices. Euro. J. Pharmacol. 90, no. 2–3 (1983): 161–168.
Bliss, Т. V. & T. Lamo. Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus of the anesthethized rabbit following stimulation oftheperforantpath. J. Physiol. 232 (1973): 331–356.
Collingridge, G. L., S. J. Kehl 81 H. McLennan. Excitatory amino acids in synaptic transmission in the Schaffer collateral-commissural pathway of the rat hippocampus. J. Physiol. (London) 334 (1983): 33–46.
Curtis, D. R., j. W. Phillis & J. C. Watkins. The chemical excitation of spinal neurons by certain acidic amino acids. J. Physiol. 150 (1960): 656–682.
Eccles J. C. The Physiology of Synapses. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1964.